Tag Archives: poverty

The Brightest and the Best

Perquín Musings, a book I penned in 2009 contains commentary regarding immigration. Given the current focus on the subject, and the fact that we have not seen much progress on the subject during the past five years, I present the short chapter “The Brightest and the Best.”

9780988592100That is a very innovative selection process up North to get the type of foreign workers needed.

First, set up the prize. Earn as much in one hour as for a whole day in El Salvador. Second, set up the obstacle course. Practically no visas, dangerous route through Guatemala and Mexico, jump the fence and a high-risk desert run at the end. Once there, faced with illegal status and immigration roundups as the order of the day.

Maybe there ought to be a new Statue of Liberty on the Rio Grande, dividing Texas from Mexico. It would have to be updated, of course, modeled after Britney Spears or the latest iconic talent, with her belly showing. The inscription reading “give me your tired, your poor…” would also need a little updating. It should read “Give me your most daring, your fittest, those willing to take chances. Give me your initiative, your future, your brightest and best.”

With around two million Salvadorans in the States, the largest national product is the remittances they send home. In sheer numbers, that workforce probably compares pretty much with the workforce left in El Salvador.

The Darwinist selection of those who go north, however, results in a quality unbalance within the two groups, at least at the gumption level.

It is probably too early to speculate on changes to the gene pool, but we are left working with those left behind.

FlowerWe are working to slow that talent drain. El Salvador needs a few of the brighest and best to stay here at home; to change the conditions that leave migration as the only option for providing a decent living.

We do not believe in quick fixes, but that with a focused effort, change will start happening before we know it.

We are Amún Shéa and we are out to change our world. Join with us! It will change, only if we work together on this.

Mixed Messages

Obama asks Central American parents to not put their children at risk.

Obama asks Central American parents to not put their children at risk.

The local paper reported earlier this week that the trip to the US border is now done in an express five days, as opposed to the normal two weeks of peril and danger. An official and very stern message came out from the US just days ago, that children with at least one parent in their home country would be deported. News filters back each day of the ease the crossing has become.

The child immigration issue remains highly volatile and extremely politically charged. As such, the messages are quite the mix; the sternest warning always allowing exceptions. The message received and understood here is the exception part; we are after all Masters of Exception.

While true that there is too little information to call it conspiracy, there are too many coincidences to call it chance. Let us take a look at the perception here on the ground, in small communities off the beaten path.

Migration is restricted from deporting children detained at the US border.

Migration is restricted from deporting children detained at the US border.

Several weeks ago, the news spread through the grapevine that the USA was opening the border for children. Some sources actually put the number at 70,000. The beginning source of the news seems to be the “coyotes” who earn their livelihood by guiding immigrates north. It must be understood that the local perception of a “coyote” is not that of the negative “human trafficker” that is generally portrayed by official sources. Coyotes are often members of the community who have built up their reputation by providing this transportation service to their neighbors for generations.

The recent flood to the border did in effect open the gates. Normal procedures were set aside and new arrivals were just deposited at bus stations. Word got back very quickly and the flood north gained strength.

It is believed that the wave of young immigrants is due gang violence

It is believed that the wave of young immigrants is due gang violence

The trip north normally takes several weeks, as the coyote times segments of the journey with work shifts of collaborators and with negotiation for passage through territories held by differing, often conflicting organizations. The word is out now that the obstacles have been removed; coyotes are able to double the number of trips per month as it is now possible to arrive in just 5 days.

The “do not send your children or they will be deported” message, conditioned by “if they have a parent in the home country” is an invitation to keep coming. Most of the younger ones are going to be with their one parent or parents who are already in the USA. They are leaving grandmothers and aunts, very few are leaving parents.

"If they arrive, we will send them back..."

“If they arrive, we will send them back…”

 

Today´s paper, El Diario de Hoy, is a perfect example.
The headline reads “Obama asks parents in Central America to not put their children at risk.” Pages 2 and 3 detail the fact that children from Central America cannot be deported without a long process. Page 3 cites a study concluding that the immigration is due gang violence. Page 4 is the article from the headline citing President Obama´s message to Central American parents. Page 8 uses red ink to showcase the 307 violent deaths in June for El Salvador, 167 more than last year.

Violence leaves 307 deaths in June: 167 more than the sme period last year.

Violence leaves 307 deaths in June: 167 more than the sme period last year.

 

 

Put yourself in the place of a Central American parent, for a moment. You have been in, let´s say, Houston for six years and have a decent job which allows you to send support back to your family. You left your daughter behind, with your mother, when she was just four years old. Now she is ten, you haven´t seen her or watched her grow and you are starting to worry for her wellbeing. You´ve heard the rumors, seen the news and know of friends who now have their children safely with them.

What would you do, right now?

Too Big to Solve

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As a happening that could be interpreted as deliberate, the flooding of the southern USA border with children from Central America has jolted the immigration reform debate. It has also caused a flare-up of fear and insecurity for some people. The human rights aspect, always a factor in the reception and treatment of immigrants, especially those considered illegal, has become a major issue due to the drastic increase in “unaccompanied” children turning themselves in to US Immigration officials at the border.

All in all, an already unwieldy problem just warped into a complexity that borders on too big to solve. Many components contribute to the problem and fingers are somewhat justifiable pointed in all directions as human interest and unfortunately self-interest comes into play. While there are many facets to explore, today we will take a look at just one: The Money Trail.

“Who is paying for all of this?” is a very understandable question, especially in today´s economy where just making ends meet could be considered quite the accomplishment. So, let´s take a look at the immigration economic impact, not from a national aspect because spending has never been a problem for a nation, but from the angle of the groups benefitting financially from what we must accept, is a Growth Industry.

To understand the idea of a growth industry we must look at this issue within the larger context of the US Prison Industry. According to published reports, US prisons have become a very lucrative endeavor, since components of the system were privatized. Resources are invested to insure they are operated at maximum capacity, as with any other business, and the effect is that the overall prison population has gone from 300,000 in the seventies to over 2 million today. According to Prison Policy Initiative  over 50,000 of that number is represented by Immigration offenses and detention. At a reported $20-$33,000 a year per inmate, the “who is paying for this” question just made a substantial dimensional leap. Add to that the bail bond and parole businesses and you have a real industry that is managing serious numbers.

I just talked with a Salvadoran friend in the USA regarding this aspect of entering illegally. It really comes down to a matter of survival and those who cannot make the desert run turn themselves in. Normally they will be given a date to appear at court and be released on bail. Many will forfeit that bail. “You end up working for the courts your first year here,” I was told. It is also important to keep in mind that the costs involved do not fall solely on the US Border program. The immigrants themselves and/or their families have made an important financial investment just to gain entry.

To fully understand the cost for the immigrant, we must incorporate the economy of their home country. Most are leaving rural areas that offer no employment opportunity. The necessity of surviving on less than one dollar a day is widely used as the benchmark for extreme poverty in Central America. Minimum wage in El Salvador for commerce and services is $8.08 per day or $242.40 per month, less social security and pension for a take-home pay of $ 219.99 ($7.33 per day.) Agriculture salaries start at $3.50 per day.

Currently the cost, from where we are in eastern El Salvador to the US border is from $4,000 to $9,000. This is paid to the “coyote,” the local guide with all the connections to deliver you to the border. One thousand of this goes to the Zeta Drug Cartel for “safe passage” through their territory. This safe passage is no guarantee at any step of the two-week journey. Immigrants face robbery, extortion, beatings, rape and kidnapping into the sex trade. Once at the border, and opting out of the desert run, you turn yourself in and start looking for help to pay the bail bond, which I understand runs between $1,500 to $10,000. This latest border overload has caused a boom in the attorney business, which offers to get you through for another $3,000.

If you consider the number of immigrants and the cost figures mentioned, the dollar volume is staggering; In short, too much money is involved to allow a solution.

Causes me to ponder with regard to where people put their hopes and trust. Creating the conditions in which one could be confident of investing at home rather than risking life, limb and a huge debt to gamble on getting into the USA, needs to be our goal.

Pawns

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“Is that our cousin trapped at the border, Dad?” was the question from my five year old on the way to school today. My seven year old pitched in with, “yep, that´s her”, before I had the chance to try to divert the conversation, “she´s in trouble, now.”

Karen (fictitious name as I do not want to inadvertently make matters worse) is in effect detained at the US/Mexican border. She did not go unaccompanied, as reports claim regarding these children, but was abandoned at the border by the distant family member who traveled with her. The plan was for Karen´s mother to recover her daughter without trouble, as was promised in the news that went out through the grapevine. That plan was frustrated and the rules were changed as the border became overwhelmed by the sheer number of children crossing. The fact that Karen´s mother is in the USA illegally now prevents her access to her daughter.

Karen is alone. She is ten years old. She is a pawn in a political quagmire and obviously is of no importance in the big picture. She is a cousin to my children, and there she does have importance. Karen is also a student at Amún Shéa where she is very important. She did not want to go and resisted for quite a while. But her mother insisted and as it is she who supports the entire family in El Salvador, no one could really oppose.

Some thirty years ago, my wife and Karen´s mother, at about the age of my youngest ones, fled the Salvadoran Civil War as refugees to Honduras. Now this current generation of children, under different circumstances and for completely different motives, is repeating the same history. To what purpose…?

We began the Amún Shéa educational program precisely to break this type of continuation. Obviously we are not there yet, but are making headway and are committed to being an important part of the opportunities here in El Salvador which will lessen the need to migrate north in search of livelihood and substance for our families.

Breaking it Down into Manageable Pieces

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“All problems, regardless of how overwhelming they may seem to us, start out small. All difficult situations under the heavens are a compilation of simple problems.”

paraphrased from Tao Te Ching, chapter 63

It is rather overwhelming to understand that I must deal with what seems to be an ever expanding epidemic of issues such as sexual abuse, harassment, misogamy and other actions which apparently have been prevalent for some time. Unfortunately these issues have been so successfully hidden, in plain sight, that we actually lack common vocabulary to describe them.

At the same time, they are generally taboo subjects, which explains how they can be hidden away in plain sight. We can observe and give opinions when observed from afar, but when it occurs in our circle of influence, we mum up very quickly.

“When you recognize a problem, you´ve just been handed the task of solving it,” is another ageless truth that comes without exception clauses. As a father of young children and with responsibility to a school full of children, it is now my responsibility to get over being uncomfortable with the subject and assume my assigned role in helping to solve it.

It is interesting how sanitized our abstract concepts are and how they tend to hide the foul realities that create them. Take the overused term underdevelopment; we hear it often and it conjures up images of poor, yet often noble people in need of a hand. But what are the base elements of underdevelopment, if not unsightly and often very ignoble displays of human nature coupled with dire economic conditions? With our work in northern Morazán in El Salvador, we often tout the fact that we have the lowest murder rate in the country. We will leave out however, the contradictory fact that we have one of the highest levels of interfamily violence. And what makes up interfamily violence? All of those phrases we don´t want to consider, much less openly discuss; neglect, psychological abuse, beating, molestation, incest and rape. This is not a blanket condemnation of the community, just some of the cold hard facts contributing to underdevelopment. And yes, much of the community deserves the distinction of noble and warm-heartedness.

It is high time we stop dealing with the abstracts and start applying that ageless counsel of dealing with the individual and simple components that comprise the overwhelming problem. Or better said resolve the problems while they are still small; nip them in the bud.

We had an “issue” several weeks ago at the Amún Shéa School. It consisted of a male teacher taking inappropriate actions toward several female students, to the point that they became uncomfortable. The short story is that the students spoke up, the teacher was fired and we showcased the incident as an example of empowerment and several of our supporters became uncomfortable.

On the surface, a very simple incident, but one that could actually provoke “much ado over nothing” comments. Just below the surface, however, lie key elements in “nipping the problem in the bud.”

First and foremost, the students involved have not become victims. They spoke up publicly in a transparent matter-of-fact setting and effected the necessary change, without the need to take on the role of victim. I believe this aspect deserves a good hard look. It is an area outside my personal expertise. I do appreciate organizations that work with victims, but firmly believe that in many cases we can prevent the victimization from occurring in the first place. Empowerment is another overused term, but self-aware young people with a sense of self-worth and self-ownership, who are supported by “us” and by involved institutions, are less likely to become victims.

Secondly, the negative role model being presented by the male teacher to male students was thoroughly thrashed. The public accusation was necessary for this important aspect. We cannot ignore the fact that most learning occurs through example, especially in terms of social behavior. Sweeping the incident under the rug only trains the next generation in unacceptable “manly” behavior.

The third point is that this is not a law-enforcement problem. This is a “just whom are we here for” type of situation. Law enforcement is required when total breakdown occurs and a victim is created. We have the responsibility of creating the conditions that do not allow the situation to get to that point. The guideline seems to be the comfort zone. No one should be expected to bear with impositions of intimacy from others that create discomfort. “Your freedom stops where mine begins,” a sometimes controversial phrase, works well here, as does the concept of individual sovereignty. They must, however be broadened to explicitly include minors and others considered to be “institutional wards.” Indeed, enrollment in a school does not lessen individual sovereignty of the minor, but rather doubles the institutional responsibility in the protection of that sovereignty.

An open, frank and transparent atmosphere is the fourth element in nipping this problem at the bud. We must be perfectly clear in the understanding that it is nothing more than our denial and embarrassment over given subjects of conversation that casts the shadows which allow these actions to originate and propagate. A conscience effort to name actions for what they are, in a public and very timely manner, must be our personal and institutional policy.

The world is not limited to our school, of course, not even for our students. This is why it is so important that empowerment and self-worth is instilled in each student. In the end it is they who will eradicate this stupidity and prepare for their own challenges. We are here only to support them and to break things down to manageable pieces.

Education, Poverty and Status Quo

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Gaining distinction as the poorest area in the country, both in economic terms and academic achievement, is not an easy task. It takes years, even decades and many progressive steps to achieve it, and even more work to maintain it. It is manifested in attitudes, in conformity and a paradoxical combination of resentment and resignation. It is expressed in the status quo and far from motivating the search for alternatives out of poverty; it actually induces a strong resistance to change. In an uncertain, fearful world knowing your place and your role provides a sense of security, even when that place is last place. This is the current situation in northern Morazán, in north-east El Salvador.

The division of roles and full acceptance of them among all players is the determining factor in maintaining status quo. The automation of social processes results in the acceptance of always being the “beneficiary population” for entities of the Poverty Industry and a tacit understanding with regard to the distribution of the provided resources.

The intromission of elements, institutions or concepts foreign to the “understanding” is cause for great concern. Worse yet are those that focus on developing structural changes which could modify the perception or image of the “poor and dignified victims.”

In 2008 we started Amún Shéa, Center for Integrated Development, as an alternative educational system designed to address the socioeconomic needs of the area. As expected, the program immediately drew attention to itself, both from parents seeing it as a viable option for bettering their children’s future and by those who looked at it warily, fearing that it would disrupt the status quo. As one local council member expressed, “the fundraising capacity of this project, will absorb a disproportionate share of international cooperation designated for the area.”

New methodology which does not contain “the basics” of traditional education is automatically rejected, although it is generally accepted that the current educational system in Morazán is a failure. Even parents supportive of the program have difficulty measuring their child´s progress by traditional standards, until they learn new systems of evaluation. Experience shows that our program works, is effective and has tangible positive results. Assimilation within the community, nevertheless, is a process delayed by status quo.

The point is, for an educational program or any other program to be successful in creating real change; it must first overcome the inertia of status quo which permeates social strati, including those seemingly supportive of change and poverty eradication.